Neanderthals were crossed with humans

New genetic analysis showed that some of the human X chromosome derived from Neanderthals.

New genetic analysis showed that some of the human X chromosome derived from the Neanderthals, according to "Fox News". The ancestors of Neanderthals have left Africa before 400,000 to 800,000 years, and most of them settled in the area of ​​today's France, Spain, Germany and Russia. They are about 30,000 years ago died out or have joined the population of modern humans. The ancestors of modern humans left Africa prior to about 50,000 to 80,000 years.

They found, however, that some X chromosomes come from Neanderthals and considered that these two types of mutually intersected.

Scientists believe that the crossing, probably happened in the Middle East.

Neanderthals, since they had a gene for speech, they were skilled at making weapons and tools as they had a sense for music, you probably were not averse to modern man. Experts say that these two species almost certainly intersected, but that should still make additional research to reveal more details.

Video colling on "Facebook"

This internet networks for their customers has prepared a new application, with which users will be able to keep friends with video calls using "Skype".

INTERNET network "Facebook" for its customers has prepared a new application, with which users will be able to keep friends with video calls using "Skype", which had been for 8.5 billion euros recently bought a "Microsoft".

On the move in "Facebook" have decided after a newly competitive network, "Google plus the" received positive reviews by critics and users. In order to retain the majority of users is expected soon that all the "Facebook" profile can, using "Skype" link and multivideo conversations with friends. Until now, users of "Facebook" can only exchange messages, set the status and share photos.

Robots soldiers, programmed to attack

The enormous potential of modern computers, the latest generation of cameras and sensors allow for what until recently was dream of General: to wage war without risking its own soldiers.

Since 2001. The unmanned aircraft are used not only for reconnaissance but also for attacks on opponents. U.S. aircraft and increasingly used primarily in Pakistan since 2004. by 2007 there were only nine attacks, 2008. - 33, 53 next year, and last even 118th It is estimated that the attack killed between 600 and thousands of people.

Robert Altman, professor of physics at the University of Dortmund and one of the founders of the International Committee for the control of robotic arms says: "It would be inconceivable that the U.S. targets in Pakistan, operating such a large number of aircraft with crew. Since the small unmanned aircraft without pilots, Pakistanis find it easier to tolerate them. The tolerance for the use of such weapons is much higher. "

However, Noel Thornhill, a professor of robotics and artificial intelligence in Sheffield has some reservations, saying: "Perhaps it is for soldiers with no risk. But for civilians on the other side is not without risk. Not even to our own, because the asymmetric war creates new terrorism. People will not simply give up because we have better technology, but will find ways to resist. "

More than 50 states have already bought an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, or only made ​​them - among them Germany, Israel, China, Russia and Iran. Savings is small - an American unmanned aircraft "Ripper" armed with 14 missiles will cost ten million euros, the price of F-22 fighter jet is 150 million.

As the robot uprogramirati ethical aspect?

Peter Warren Singer of the Brookings institjušn in Washington criticize the development of robotic arms. "On the one hand, the robot has no emotions and rage when his friend is killed. For him there is no crime out of revenge or anger. But the robot was eighty-grandmother in a wheelchair the same as a tank - sequence of ones and zeros. "

However, Ronald Arkin, a researcher believes that the lack of emotion precisely because of the robot and said that those who work on software "required to enable the robots to refuse immoral orders. You can program the ethical aspects of war and the Hague Conventions of Geneva. "

True, the computer scientist from Bremen Hans Joerg Kreovski not quite sure. "Nobody knows what it means uprogramirati ethical aspect. Ethics can not be defined on the basis of algorithms. "

The latest trend in military technology may sound like science fiction, but the implementation and effect in any case are not in this field.

New Russian rockets will transfer cargo to the Moon

Two major projects at once elaborate cosmic Russia. This is a new generation of ships and Soyuz principally November cosmic system with Russian carrier rocket-M. The starting ground for him to build in the Far East. From the perspective of possible piloted flights to the moon.

Decision on the establishment of new industrial and transport of the cosmic system was adopted in 2006. year. For 20 years Russia will be able to win not only the orbit, but the Moon and even Mars. Now Russian rocket engineers designed not only Polyfunctional ship next-generation heavy weight over 20 tons, but the light aircraft for flights to the ICC, said in an interview with Voice of Russia Deputy Head of Federal Agency of cosmic Alexander Lopatin.

Currently, the carrier conducted flight tests rocket Soyuz-2 with the key advantages of the improvements. In these rockets are used only Russian units and systems, as well as more powerful engines and a digital control system. To begin flight testing are prepared carrier rocket Soyuz-2 light class.

As for the heavy ships, for it will build a new rocket. Russia already has a large payload Zenite. Just they will serve as a prototype for the Rus-M missiles, said newspaper analyst Igor Lisov News cosmonautics.

A new missile since it is assumed that the new ship will be much heavier than the Soyuz. He will drive more people and more cargo will be comfortable. Need a new starting complex, for it will build a cosmodrome Vostochny.

Building on Eastern in Amurskoj area will begin this summer. It will be located near the Baikonur Svobodno, which launched the operation of the 2007th year. Place was not chosen by chance. Starting a new complex is located on the same latitude as the Baikonur Cosmodrome, which will allow you to seamlessly operate on the ICC from Russia, not from Kazakhstan, while the Russian Plisecka such flights are impossible. Therefore be provided independent access to all types of RF orgita, said deputy head of Federal Agency cosmic. It is possible to start with dalekoistočnog Baikonur not only Rus-M, but the Angara. It is not irrelevant that the construction will give a positive impetus to the development of the entire region Dalekoistočnog: there will appear a few companies to enter into and development of rockets, producing oxygen and nitrogen-hydrogen mixture. With such technological perspectives of Russia can build a lunar base cosmic and to withdraw from the ICC is convinced that Igor Lisov.

ICC will live until 2020. year. They will then have to sink, because it will expire.

The project of a new vessel to replace the legendary Union was established last year. The first unmanned probe are planned for 2015. year, piloted for the 2018th And in less than a month to the international community will be presented pilotiranog model space ship with Russian rocket-M on the 10th International avijaciono-cosmic salon MAKS-2011.

Hubble telescope discovered another Pluto's moon

Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have discovered planets around the fourth month-dwarf Pluto.

Scientists have given newly month provisional name P4. Earlier known moon, Charon, Nix and Hydra. It is estimated that P4 has a diameter of 13 to 34 kilometers.

Pluto is a controversial building that in 2006. planet status was abolished. It will be a major target of space missions 2015th year, reports the BBC.

NASA research probe "New Horizons" will be in July 2015th The fly in addition to Pluto and the way their instruments well take a look at his month.

P4 is in orbit between Nix and Hydra, discovered by the Hubble 2005th year.

Pluto is a dwarf planet-diameter 2300 km, the moon, Charon is about 1,200 kilometers in diameter, while Nix and Hydra are about 30 to 115 kilometers. Hubble was first spotted P4 28th June, and subsequent observations of this month the discovery confirmed.

Closer look to the goddess of fire

The first human spacecraft, called "Dawn", began their one circling the second largest asteroid in the solar system - Vesta, located in the mysterious zone between Mars and Jupiter.

Spacecraft poetic name "Dawn" began his one-year travel around the second largest asteroid, named in honor of the Roman goddess of hearth fires and Vesta.

Around the same time next year, set out toward the biggest, which is also called a dwarf planet - Ceres, who was called so in honor of the Roman goddess of agriculture.

Officials of the U.S. National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) disclosed that it is the first and largest human spacecraft that will orbit two celestial bodies in a mysterious asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter, dotted with an abundance of larger and smaller "cosmic rock", since the residual sun's family of shaping time.

After cross 188 million miles in, almost four years (send out in September 2007), "Dawn" will, circling at an altitude of 16 thousand kilometers, the entire surface of Vesta record year. For this task, among others, particularly equipped with two devices - one that records (detected) gamma rays and neutrons, the second infrared light, which captures the distant landscape. Why?

Ancient ruins

So to astronomers who study the earliest time of the solar system, from which the remaining vast "cosmic rock", has afforded previously unknown information.

It will have, in fact, the impression that they take a look into the kind of "time capsule" or, if you are closer, as if studying the archaeological remains of ancient cosmic time.

Already it is known that Vesta once had nearly circular shape, and to the south pole is chub huge, powerful collision occurred in the past. What is certainly the most interesting: almost five percent of meteorites found on Earth comes from the attack that occurred in the News.

Is no less important or intentions of U.S. President Barack Obama to 2025. send the first astronauts to an asteroid.

Vesta was from its inception has experienced numerous bombings, preserving the scars, which, as is assumed, astronomers discover what is endured to this day. After all, aircraft and equipment that is fitted for the time being in excellent condition.

When the sun took shape, about 4.5 billion years old, surrounded by a huge ring of gas and dust, from which, in the next few million years, compression and merging (accretion), hatched eight existing planets (and our Earth, of course) . However, from this turbulent and brutal period of rest is too "cosmic debris", mostly between Mars and Jupiter, captured Tug of the two planets.

Magically intact

Larger debris more scientific curiosity tickled, hence they decided to closely observe the West (approximately 520 kilometers in diameter). Why? Because most reminiscent of the eight (nine until recently) the Sun's companion. He imagines that she, like Earth, composed of several layers, with a core of nickel and iron, wrapped rocky mantle.

What is it based? In so far established the density of the heavenly bodies and on the basis of hundreds of pieces of stone that struck the planet.

After one revolve, aircraft "Dawn" will restart its ion engines and drive towards Ceres, almost twice stocky (about 960 kilometers at the waist and 6 thousand times easier, and less mass than the Earth), which is the largest member of the asteroid belt . He will arrive in February of 2015th year. And Ceres is a circle, and probably cut out several layers of which the topmost layer of Vestinog wetter, which indicates the existence of equality and the atmosphere very small.

The main catch, however, is the fact that - for reasons unexplained - magically intact, while avoiding most of the collision.

While reading these lines, sends the aircraft largely unknown and unusual sights in the world of fact, until recently inaccessible. The original recordings, according to experts, overcome the boldest expectations.

The venture is an international, because it involved more, and Germany and Italy.

Star-looking body's

Asteroids (Greek: starlike) or planetoids are small solid bodies in planetary systems. Compared with the planets and dwarf planets are smaller and often irregular in shape. Emerged from the remains protoplanetarne matter that has not merged with planets or comets or later, change some other body. Frequently orbit around a star like our own path or companions of major planets. Although until recently it was thought otherwise, it was discovered that asteroids can have their own satellites.

Most of the solar system is located in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter, in the Kuiper Belt. So far it has discovered more than 170,000, and over 11,000 were given proper names, in addition to catalog number. It is estimated that by the Sun's family could be several million.

There are still no exact definition of the asteroid, experts differ on the classification (according to weight, size, composition and position). It was suggested that the asteroids are called the body more than 50 meters in diameter, smaller than planets and the stone or metal composition. Even smaller, which break down and fill burn when entering the Earth's atmosphere, it would meteoridi; asteroids would be called one that can reach Earth's surface.

The main three groups: carbonate - 75 percent of known, silicate -

17 and the metal - most of the rest.

Rosatom - in secret to the floating nuclear power plant

The Rosatom is employed 250,000 workers. Few talk about this network of nuclear power, nuclear waste disposal sites, the scientists and builders. Rosatom is the largest sellers of nuclear technology and the world.

In a video blog, Rosatom regularly publish their successes. Currently planning the introduction of the nuclear-powered railways. For performance Rosatom has withdrawn several important reasons: Soviet predecessor, Rosatom, in fact, responsible for nuclear disasters, including the Chernobyl. At that time they were politically responsible Soviet state and its leadership.

Private or public company?

Who is now responsible for the huge Russian nuclear complex? Is the Rosatom state company or private? The website can not find the answers to these questions. Instead there is a list of 67 plants that belong to Rosatom: a series of national research institutes, private and state companies and services. Rosatom sees itself as "a set of companies engaged in the development of nuclear power plants, and improving their safety." Those who can not understand or see it is dangerous to society, non-governmental organization Transparency International. She sees a very sensitive ground for corruption.

This opinion is an independent expert on nuclear energy Ozharovski Andrej: "Rosatom has already changed its name several times: once called 'the State Committee for the use of nuclear energy', and 'Department of Atomic Energy." This has opened many opportunities Rosatom. When it comes to nuclear waste, they say we are state-owned company, please give us public funding for nuclear waste storage. But when it comes to nuclear power plants then we say: We are a private company, so do not ask anything about the safety of the reactor or our earnings abroad - these are trade secrets. "

Russian nuclear physicist Andrei Ozharovski working for NGOs, such as the "Northern Alliance for Sustainability," which brings together East European activists for environmental protection. It looks primarily Rosatom nuclear facilities, such as old nuclear power plant on the Kola Peninsula in the far north of Russia.

"The first two reactors were put into operation the 1973rd and 1974. year. Their security is not high. Their time has actually expired before the seven or eight years. But they still do. Now, even plans to increase their performance by seven percent: from 440 to 470 megawatts. It is in any case dangerous, because with this case, the reactor pressure and temperature jump above the permissible limits, "said Ozharovski.

Floating plants in the Arctic

Rosatom without see any problem. For them it is justified because of "intensive modernization measures, which have been met safety requirements of the International Organization for Nuclear Energy." So says the Rosatom website. In another document - also on the Internet - is confirmed by the increase in capacity, but without specifying the precise numbers.

Andrej Ozharovski points out that a similar problem with other Russian power and a reminder that only in February, just 11 days, for safety measures had to shut down five nuclear power plants. Rosatom is therefore not excited: soon the Arctic Ocean will be dragged floating nuclear power plant.